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[C+] TED-Ed: How to Make Smart Decisions More Easily

LET'S UNLOCK WORDS AND PHRASES 🔐

parole

[ puh-'rohl ]

noun

- permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well

The prisoner was granted parole after serving half of their sentence.

threshold

[ 'thresh-ohld ]

noun

- the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen

We need to reach a certain sales threshold before we can qualify for the bonus.

impulsive

[ im-'puhl-siv ]

adjective

- showing behavior in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have

Sarah made an impulsive decision to buy the dress without trying it on first.

stake

[ steyk ]

noun

- the amount of money that you risk on the result of something such as a game or competition

He invested all his savings in the project, so he has a big stake in its success.

novelty

[ 'nov-uhl-tee ]

noun

- the quality of being new and unusual

The store sells a variety of novelty items like funny socks and quirky gadgets.

LET'S TAKE A LOOK! [ FULL CLIP ]

What is the video all about? Choose two statements that refer to the main ideas of the video.


1. Addressing decision fatigue primarily requires individual behavioral changes, rather than institutional changes in professions such as medicine.

2. Decision fatigue can affect individuals' ability to make optimal choices, particularly when faced with complex and high-stakes decisions.

3. Decision fatigue affects physical energy rather than cognitive resources.

4. Daily decision-making can deplete cognitive resources, leading to decreased confidence and increased impulsivity.

LET'S TRY IT! - FIRST CUT

A. Script Completion

Direction: Watch the first cut of the video and complete the following lines below with the missing words. Write or type down your answers while listening.

⏱ 00:08 - 01:00

  1. "In a 2011 study, researchers followed a group of judges deciding whether or not to offer individuals a chance at parole. "

  2. "Logically, one might expect things like an imprisoned person crime, existing sentence, and to be the primary considerations. "

  3. "But while those details were , one variable had a remarkably large impact: the time of day. "

  4. "Imprisoned people who met with the board in the morning were far more likely to that those whose cases were reviewed in the afternoon. "

  5. "This finding might seem strange, but the researchers' explanation was simple: in the afternoon, the judges were ."

LET'S PRACTICE - SECOND CUT

A. Script Completion

Direction: Watch the second cut of the video and complete the following lines below with the missing phrases.

⏱ 01:05 - 03:00

This kind of cognitive exhaustion occurs after a period of extended decision making and it can make people (1) and less confident while making choices. The dangers of decision fatigue are clear in (2) scenarios like this study, but it can have a serious impact on our-day-to-day lives as well. So what kinds of choices lead us to this state, and what can we do to (3) ? Everything our bodies do- whether physical or mental- uses energy. But while it's unclear what resources are depleted during (4) , studies have found many individuals seem to have a daily threshold for making decisions. And once that threshold is met, most people make the conscious choice to "take it easy" and save serious thinking about any new decisions for another day. How quickly can you reach this threshold depends on (5) , incuding the frequency, complexity, and novelty of the decisions you have to make. For example, choosing what to eat for breakfast isn't very taxing. Not only this decision limited by (6) , it's also a choice you expect to make once a day with fairly low stakes. And even when you're not quite sure what to eat, the time between this minor decision and the next one should give you (7) to recover whatever cognitive energy to expand. But let's imagine something much trickier. For example, your car suddenly breaks down and you need to replace it right away. This is an unexpected, complicated decision with (8) . In this case, there are (9) to choose from, and you won't find them all in one place. To make the optimal choice, you'll need to do hours of thoughtful research to consider the various pros and cons.

LET'S DO THE CHALLENGE - FULL CLIP

Direction: Answer the following questions by giving your opinion.


  1. What surprising variable did the 2011 study find that had significant impact on parole decisions made by judges?

  2. What is decision fatigue, and how does it affect decision making processes?

  3. What factors contribute to how quickly an individual reaches their decision-making threshold?

  4. What professions are particularly susceptible to decision fatigue, according to the video, and why?

  5. What strategies are suggested to combat decision fatigue in daily life?

LET'S RECAP!

Active-Listening Let-s-Recap-2

1. Which new words/phrases were easiest to remember? Give three.

どの語句/文が覚えやすかったですか?3つ挙げてください。


2. Which words/phrases were you having a hard time to speak/understand? Give three.

どの語句/文が話したり理解するのに難しかったですか?3つ挙げてください。

parole

[ puh-'rohl ]

noun

- permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well

The prisoner was granted parole after serving half of their sentence.

threshold

[ 'thresh-ohld ]

noun

- the level or point at which you start to experience something, or at which something starts to happen

We need to reach a certain sales threshold before we can qualify for the bonus.

impulsive

[ im-'puhl-siv ]

adjective

- showing behavior in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have

Sarah made an impulsive decision to buy the dress without trying it on first.

stake

[ steyk ]

noun

- the amount of money that you risk on the result of something such as a game or competition

He invested all his savings in the project, so he has a big stake in its success.

novelty

[ 'nov-uhl-tee ]

noun

- the quality of being new and unusual

The store sells a variety of novelty items like funny socks and quirky gadgets.