What is the video all about? Choose two statements that refer to the main ideas of the video.

1. All methods of lie detection, including polygraphs and voice-stress analyzers, are reliable enough to be used as evidence in court.

2. Linguistic text analysis can identify patterns in language use that may indicate deception.

3. Liars tend to use more negative language because they feel guilty on a subconscious level.

4. Liars typically use more personal pronouns when making deceptive statements to emphasize their involvement in the situation.

"Sorry, my phone died." "It's nothing. I'm fine." "These allegations are completely unfounded." "The company was not aware of (1) " "I love you." We hear anywhere from 10 to 200 lies a day, and we spent much of our history coming up with ways to detect them, (2) to polygraphs, blood-pressure and breathing monitors, voice-stress analyzers, eye trackers, infrared brain scanners, and even the 400-pound electroencephalogram. But although such tools have worked (3) , most can be fooled with enough preparation, and none are considered reliable enough to even be admissible in court. But, what if the problem is not with the techniques, but the (4) that lying spurs physiological changes? What if we took a more direct approach, using communication science to analyze the lies themselves? On a psychological level, we lie partly to paint a better picture of ourselves, (5) to the person we wish we were rather than the person we are. But while our brain is busy dreaming, it's letting (6) . Our conscious mind only controls about 5% of our cognitive function, including communication, while the other 95% occurs (7) , and according to the literature on reality monitoring, stories based on imagined experiences are qualitatively different from those based on real experiences. This suggests that creating a false story about a personal topic takes work and results in a different (8) . 

A technology known as linguistic text analysis has helped to identify four such common patterns in the subconscious (1) . First, liars reference themselves less, when making deceptive statements. They write or talk more about others, often using the third person to (2) themselves from their lie, which sounds more false: "Absolutely no party took place at this house," or "I didn't host a party here." Second, liars tend to be more negative, because on a subconscious level, they feel guilty about lying. For example, a liar might say something like, "Sorry, my stupid phone battery died. I hate that thing." Third, liars typically explain events in (3) since our brains struggle to build a complex lie. Judgment and evaluation are complex things for our brains to compute. As a U.S. President once famously insisted: "I did not have sexual relations with that woman." And finally, even though liars keep descriptions simple, they tend to use longer and more (4) , inserting unnecessary words and irrelevant but factual sounding details in order to pad the lie. Another President confronted with a scandal proclaimed: "I can say, categorically, that this investigation indicates that no one on the White House staff, no one in this administration presently employed was involved in this very bizarre incident." Let's apply (5) to some famous examples. Take seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong. When comparing a 2005 interview, in which he had denied taking performance-enhancing drugs to a 2013 interview, in which he admitted it, his use of personal pronouns increased by nearly 3/4. Note the contrast between the following two quotes. First: "Okay, you know, a guy in a French, in a Parisian laboratory (6) , you know, Jean-Francis so-and-so, and he tests it. And then you get a phone call from a newspaper that says: 'We found you to be positive six times for EPO." Second: "I lost myself in all of that. I'm sure there would be other people that couldn't handle it, but I (7) it, and I was used to controlling everything in my life. I controlled every outcome in my life." In his denial, Armstrong described a hypothetical situation focused on someone else, removing himself from the situation entirely. In his admission, he owns his statements, delving into his (8) . But the use of personal pronouns is just one indicator of deception.