![[B- A] Reference Techniques](https://images.ctfassets.net/r30ratzbtbbf/2PFOMSNn9DH0BfDwemaDNb/d1eabf9e6bebc9ddf265442cc68eff72/Reference_Techniques.png)
LET'S READ! 📖
Direction: Read the passage below then answer the questions being asked.
Sidney, a young mother, found solace and self-discovery through painting. As a stay-at-home mom, she longed for personal fulfillment beyond her child's needs. Exploring art during stolen moments, she delved into watercolors and later ventured into Acrylics. The liberating experience of painting abstracts became her passion, embracing intuitive flow over meticulous planning. Sharing her work on Instagram, Sidney was embraced by a supportive community that provided friendship and mentorship. Throughout her art journey, her husband played a crucial role, providing childcare, assistance at events, and even surprising her with art supplies. Supported by her parents and siblings, Sidney found inspiration in artists like Monet and contemporary creators on Instagram. She believes in the power of "consistent practice and patience" to perfect any art or skill. For Sidney, resilience is the driving force that propels her to overcome challenges, failures, and shortcomings.
QUESTIONS
1. What sparked Sidney's interest in art when she was expecting?
2. Who played a crucial role in supporting Sidney's artistic journey?
LET'S UNDERSTAND! 📚
Reference Techniques
- Reference words such as articles (a / an, the) and pronounce (e.g. it, they, this) show the reader or listener whether we are telling them something completely new (often indicated by a / an) or talking about something they already know (often indicated by the pronouns)
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Keiko (known) used a system (new) of lines (new) on the canvas (known) to help her (known), but her mental pictures (known) are so strong now that she (known) no longer needs these (known = the lines).
Example:
🔺 We usually start sentences with know information such as a person's name, a pronoun or a noun with the, and then put new information (e.g. a noun with a / an) later in the sentence. Often new information in one sentence becomes known information in the next sentence.
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Matt learned to hold a pen in his mouth. A few years later, the pen was replaced by a paintbrush.
Example:
🔺 Sometimes we do the opposite: we can start with the information presented as 'known' that the reader or listener in fact doesn't yet know, and explain it later. We do this to involve the reader in the story and make it feel more interesting.
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It happened when she was just 18. They were just six young ladies having fun in a fast car. Samantha Willes doesn't remember much about the accident.
Example:
- We can use either it, they / them, this, that, these, those or one / ones to refer back to things mentioned earlier.
🔺 It / they usually refer back to the last or most obvious noun that they could logically refer to.
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He doesn't want people to look at his creations and be amazed at how they were made. He wants people to love them for what they are.
Example:
🔺 Use this / that / these / those to draw special attention to a noun that was mentioned earlier.
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I'll never forget the sculpture she molded for me. This/That was the best birthday present I've ever received.
Example:
🔺 That / Those may refer to things that happened long ago or far away, or things that are no longer true or what we disagree with.
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....and he discovered he had an amazing artistic talent. That was over 40 years ago.
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Some people describe their work as disabled art, but that is far from the truth.
Example:
🔺 One / ones refer back to a noun mentioned earlier, but not the same actual object / person.
- Some words refer to things outside the text. Words like today, now, here, come, and bring refer to the time and place of writing / speaking. Words like then, there, go / take and away refer to a situation different from the time and place of writing / speaking.
🔺 We can also use these words to refer to things inside the text: now, here, come, and bring can refer to the time and place of the current topic; then, there, go and take can refer to other times and places.
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Mike learned to sign his name. Now he was ready to start his new venture.
Example:
- Many other words show connections with something mentioned earlier. For example:
- firstly, secondly, finally
- however, on the other hand
- other / another, more, again
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Sam and Ted are both amazing players. The former plays with great defense and the latter plays with the best moves.
Example:
- Some common words and phrases refer to something mentioned earlier or later in a text, a presentation, a speech, etc.
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- As discussed / mentioned earlier, As previously discussed / mentioned, See above / below for , ....is / are as follows the following, In the previous / following section
Example:
- Other techniques for showing connections include:
🔺 repetition ( using the same word again )
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The accident happened when he was just 18.....He doesn't remember much about the event.
Example:
🔺 synonyms ( words which have similar meaning to refer to the same thing )
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Katie is no ordinary painter. This remarkable artist....
Example:
🔺 echoing ( using the same pattern of words )
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He doesn't want people to be amazed at how they were painted. He wants people to love them for what they are.
Example:
🔺 ellipses ( missing out repeated words )
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She has been blind since 1996, and ( she ) took up painting two years later.
Example:
LET'S PRACTICE! 📝
Direction: Share about a (1) person who has done done something amazing or (2) an interesting country to visit . It could be a true story or invented.
Use the following techniques to make it more interesting:
- Pronoun at the beginning of your story, which you explain later
- Echoing
- Tenses such as past perfect to relate the background events to the main events.
He is an ordinary teenager with a love for computers, had a vision to connect the world. From his Harvard dorm room, he created Facebook—a social networking platform that echoed the desires of millions. This ingenious idea transcended borders, bringing people closer together than ever before. Today, Facebook is a global phenomenon, reshaping the way we interact and connecting billions worldwide. His journey from a college student to a tech titan showcases the power of one person's idea to change the world. His name is Mark Zuckerberg.
Now, it's your turn.
