![[B-A] Passives and Causatives](https://images.ctfassets.net/r30ratzbtbbf/4bBctb2wuAGhlAKlKhdKcb/e1d65c85f5aecb5af2ae781f9955033f/Passives_and_Causatives.png)
LET'S READ! 📖
Direction: Read the passage below then answer the questions being asked.
In a significant breakthrough, a new vaccine has been developed by a team of dedicated scientists, offering hope in the battle against infectious diseases. The research, initiated by renowned experts in the field and funded by several leading organizations, was carefully crafted using cutting-edge biotechnology and innovative methodologies.
During pre-clinical trials, the vaccine demonstrated remarkable efficacy, eliciting a robust immune response in the recipients. It is believed to be safe and well-tolerated, with minimal adverse effects reported during the studies. Once approved for widespread use, this revolutionary vaccine is expected to combat numerous infectious diseases, ultimately saving millions of lives worldwide.
Additionally, the initiative aims to empower underprivileged children by teaching them essential life skills. Passionate educators and social activists have set this plan in motion, recognizing the need to instill confidence, creativity, and resilience in these young individuals. Through innovative teaching methods and a carefully curated curriculum, the program aims to equip these children with the tools they need to thrive and succeed in various aspects of life.
The qualified instructors assigned to guide the children provide personalized attention and support to nurture their growth. The curriculum encompasses a wide range of skills, including communication, problem-solving, critical thinking, and leadership. The initiative hopes to create a better and more inclusive society by empowering the next generation with the knowledge and skills needed to break the cycle of poverty and become agents of positive change within their communities.
QUESTIONS:
1. Who was responsible for initiating the research on the new vaccine?
2. What did the vaccine demonstrate during pre-clinical trials?
LET'S UNDERSTAND! 📚
Passives and Causatives
Passive
- it is used when the focus is on the thing instead of the person.
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1. When we don't know who does/ did something
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2. When it is obvious who does/ did something
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3. To produce a formal style
Example:
The motorbike was designed with young families in mind, so there's enough space in the boot.
Having been introduced in the year 2000, the most developed software dominates different business industries.
All the passengers are required to present their health passes to the customs.
Impersonal passive
- is a formal way of reporting thoughts, saying, beliefs and opinions
Direct and Indirect Object
🔺 A direct object answers the question of who(m) or what.
🔺 An indirect object answers the question of to whom, for whom, or for what.
🔺 Some verbs in active sentences can be followed by both a direct and an indirect object (usually a person).
| bring | give | make | pass | refuse | take |
| buy | leave | offer | pay | send | tell |
| get | lend | owe | promise | show | write |
There are two possible passive forms.
Active sentence: Mike gave the plane tickets to Jun.
With indirect object as subject of passive verb
- Jun was given the plane tickets (by Mike).
With direct object as subject of passive verb
- The plane tickets were given to Jun (by Mike).Avoiding the Passive
- The passive is not normally used with verbs in the present perfect continuous, future continuous, or future perfect continuous tenses. Various prepositional phrases are used to avoid the passive in these tenses, including the following.
in progress
❌ Preparations for the flight will be being made as the President arrives at the airport.
✅ Preparations for the flight will be in progress as the President arrives at the airport
in training
❌ At the end of this year, I will have been being trained as a pilot for four years.
✅ At the end of this year, I will have been in training as a pilot for four years.
on display
❌ Vintage cars have been being displayed in the town centre all this week.
✅ Vintage cars have been on display in the town centre all this week.
- Causative: get/have something done
Actions we arrange for other people to do for us
Did you finally get your bike fixed?
Things we experience (usually negative and not intended)
I heard that Susie had her motorbike stolen.
- Causative: get somebody to do / have somebody do
Actions we make somebody/something do for us
Did you get Alex to drive you all the way to London?
- Causative: get/have somebody doing
Actions we make somebody/something start doing
Don't worry. We'll soon have your car running like new.
LET'S PRACTICE! 📝
Part I
Direction Complete the dialogues with a suitable causative form, using the words below.
1.
Mentor: Emma always dresses so smartly.
You: That's because she _______________ for her.
2.
Mentor: It's so hot in my flat in the summer.
You: You should _______________.
Part II
Direction Complete the sentence using the passive construction, and provide a clear and concise response based on the given situation.
- "You walk into the office and notice that the coffee machine is broken. Use the passive construction to inform your colleagues about the situation."