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[B-A] Adverbial Clauses

LET'S READ! 📖

Direction: Read the short passages then answer the questions being asked.

Art Museum


Tom decided to visit the nearest transportation museum, despite his limited interest in transportation. As he walked through the museum, the docent discussed various forms of transport. Before humans domesticated animals like horses and donkeys, walking was the primary mode of travel. The invention of the automobile in the 19th century resulted from the discovery of gas engines by investors. The Wright Brothers achieved their first successful flight after numerous attempts. During the 18th and 19th centuries, significant transportation developments occurred due to the Industrial Revolution. Ancient civilizations utilized their access to rivers and seas, establishing vital trading networks. Tom gained knowledge from the docent's explanations, including an informative timeline and interesting transportation facts. If he has free time on Saturday, he plans to return to the museum for further exploration.

QUESTIONS:

1. What did the docent discuss while Tom was walking through the museum?

2. What was the primary mode of travel before humans domesticated animals like horses and donkeys?

LET'S UNDERSTAND! 📚

Adverbial Clauses

  • Adverbial clauses give extra information about the main clause.

🔺 If they come before the main clause, they are usually followed by a comma.

    Example:

  • If you don't want to work, you have to send an excuse letter to your boss..

1. Adverbial time clauses tell us when something happens and start with words like when, now, as long as, as soon as, until, and while.

    Example:

  • They assembled, dressed, and marched out as the band played.

🔺 We sometimes use hardly / scarcely ( + past perfect ) + before / when or no sooner ( + past perfect) + than / when with a similar meaning to as soon as.

    Example:

  • We had hardly moved into our new building when.. OR We had no sooner moved into our new building than...

🔺 In adverbial time clauses which refer to the future, we usually use the present simple, not the future.

    Example:

  • Just contact me right away when you decide what you're going to do. NOT ...when you will decide.

  1. Adverbial clauses of reason explain something in the main clause and usually begin with because, as, seeing (that) or since.

    Example:

  • We adopted these two cats because they are a bonded pair.

  1. Adverbial clauses of purpose explain the purpose of doing something described in the main clause and usually begin with so (that ) or, in more formal situations, in order that.

    Example:

  • We studied all night so we would pass the exam. / So we would pass the exam, we studied all night.

  1. Adverbial clauses of contrast give information that contrasts with the information in the main clause and begin with although, though, even though, while. whereas, whilst and in spite of / despite the fact that.

    Example:

  • While I like learning new things, I hate studying! OR I hate studying, while I like learning.

🔺We can sometimes use Much as to mean Although / Though / While ....very much.

    Example:

  • Much as I like Sam , I wouldn't want to go on holiday with him! OR Although I like Sam very much, I ...

🔺 If the subject of the two clauses is the same, we can often use in spite of / despite + gerund.

    Example:

  • Despite being sleepy, I decided to answer my homework. OR Despite the fact that I was sleepy, I decided....

🔺We can use no matter +question word or whatever / wherever/ whoever / whenever / whichever/ however at the start of an adverbial clause to mean 'It doesn't matter what / where / who, etc.'

    Example:

  • Whenever I ring Kevin he's always out..

  1. Adverbial clauses of place give information about the location of an event or situation in the main clause and usually begin with where, wherever, anywhere, or everywhere.

    Example:

  • You can sit (any) where you like.

Adverbial Clauses with present and past participles

  1. We can begin adverbial clauses with present participles (verb+-ing) instead of while / because.

    Example:

  • Not knowing what else to do, I went home. (= Because I didn't know..)

🔺 We can use Having + past participle in a similar way instead of after / because.

    Example:

  • Having spent all our money, he was broke. ( After / Because he had spent...)

🔺 We can use past participles in a similar way with a passive meaning.

    Example:

  • Spoken by only a few people, this beautiful language is dying.

LET'S PRACTICE! 📝

Direction: Complete the sentences to create meaningful quotations or sayings.

  1. If you don't want to work,___________.

  2. When one door closes,_______________.

  3. Wherever you go,____________________.

  4. Although the world is full of suffering,___________.

  5. No matter what the world throws at me, ____________.