![[B-A] Adjectives and Its Forms](https://images.ctfassets.net/r30ratzbtbbf/5P4xIXy4Tk2WZB0uMnF1yE/c73e7d2f7001f659dcfc7afe3d4c2d97/Adjectives_and_Its_forms.png)
LET'S READ! 📖
Direction: Read the short passages then answer the questions being asked.
Some people in Japan grow miniature trees that have an important place in horticultural art and are famous for their long history. The trees are trained to maintain the shape and proportion of larger trees through pruning and fertilization. The trees often have small leaves and bear small fruits. They have an old and wind-swept appearance, as though they had grown in the outdoors. With bonsai, gardeners can create realistic landscapes in pots and carry scenes of mountain crags or vast plains into their homes.
QUESTIONS:
1. How do they maintain the shape and proportion of larger trees?
2. What can gardeners in Japan create with bonsai?
LET'S UNDERSTAND! 📚
ADJECTIVES
- These are words that describe or modify other words. It is usually put before a noun or pronoun, but after the verb be.
| Adjectives after the verb be or after the linking verbs | |
| afraid | awake |
| alive | glad |
| alone | ill |
| asleep | well |
🔺 -ed vs -ing
-ed describes how we feel about something or somebody | -ing describes what or who causes the feeling |
|---|---|
| I was amazed at how he retained his sangfroid throughout the debate. | I found him amazing because of how he managed to retain his sangfroid throughout the debate. |
| Alex was annoyed by Katie's apparent indifference. | Katie's apparent indifference was annoying for Alex. |
| Other adjectives with -ed and -ing | |
| bored | boring |
| confused | confusing |
| depressed | depressing |
| disappointed | disappointing |
| excited | exciting |
| frightened | frightening |
FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
1. Gradable and Ungradable Adjectives
What is Gradable Adjective?
🔺 Most adjectives are gradable. This means we can have different levels of that quality. For example, you can be a bit cold, very cold or extremely cold. We can make them weaker or stronger with modifiers:
-
She was quite angry when she found out.
-
The film we saw last night was really funny!
-
It can be extremely cold in Russia in the winter.
Example:
What is Ungradable Adjective?
🔺 Ungradable adjectives are words that have extreme or absolute meaning and cannot be varied.
For example, the sentence "the water is freezing". Water can't be "a bit freezing" or "very freezing".
Another example, the sentence "The plant is dead.". The plant can't be "a little bit dead."
We can't use very with ungradable adjectives.
| Gradable Adjectives | Ungradable Adjectives |
|---|---|
| big | huge, enormous |
| small | tiny |
| tired | exhausted |
| hungry | starving |
| excited | thrilled |
📌 We use the pattern quite + a/an + adjective + noun
2. Nouns used as Adjectives
🔺 Nouns used as adjectives are usually singular in form.
🔺 We can write noun + noun as two words, one word or one word with a hyphen (-).
Examples:
-
horse race
-
skateboard
-
10-dollar
3. Order of Adjectives
🔺 When there is more than one adjective before a noun, the adjectives usually go in a specific order.
Examples:
| An old | wooden | cutting | board |
| age | material | purpose |
| A busy | Japanese | street |
| opinion | origin |
4. Adjective + infinitive
🔺 We can use an infinitive after some adjectives with the verb be.
-
The department has teams of counselors and psychiatrists eager to help.
-
She was anxious to allay any suspicion that she had married for money.
Example:
| Adjectives to use before an infinitive | |
| able | lucky |
| afraid | right |
| difficult | surprised |
| easy | careful |
| happy | frightened |
| keen | pleased |
| quick | shocked |
LET'S PRACTICE! 📝
A. Direction: Describe your perfect weekend getaway using the order of adjectives. Consider factors such as destination, accommodation, activities, relaxation, and dining options. Remember, to follow the pattern of opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose to structure your response.
