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[C] Politics and Public institutions I

LET'S UNDERSTAND 1 📚

Types of government

A. republic noun

  • a state governed by a representative and, usually, a president

    Example:

  • After its independence, India has proclaimed a republic.

B. monarchy noun

  • a state ruled by a king or queen

    Example:

  • The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.

C. federation noun

  • a union of political units under a central government

    Example:

  • The small countries joined together into a federation.

D. democracy noun

  • government of, by, and for the people

    Example:

  • A free press is fundamental to democracy.

E. dictatorship noun

  • system of government run by a dictator

    Example:

  • The country was ruled by an unimaginative dictatorship.

F. independence noun

  • freedom from outside control: self-governing

    Example:

  • Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.

LET'S TRY IT!

Direction: Choose the correct word from the choices.

monarchydemocracyindependence
federationdictatorshiprepublic

  1. A government having a chief of state who is not a monarch and who in modern times is usually a president.

  2. A form of government with a monarch at the head.

  3. A form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations

  4. A group of states with a central government but independence in internal affairs.

  5. A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state

  6. Freedom from being governed or ruled by another country.

LET'S UNDERSTAND 2 📚

Presidential and parliamentary government ( US and UK)


Presidential and parliamentary government ( US and UK)


A. legislature noun

  • a group of people who make new laws

    Example:

  • The state legislature passed an act banning the sale of self-defense weapons.

B. elected adjective

  • chosen by vote.

    Example:

  • He was elected by a great number of people.

C. term noun

  • a fixed or limited period for which something, e.g., office, imprisonment, or investment, lasts or is intended to last

    Example:

  • An American President's term of office is four years.

D. appoint verb

  • decide who to give positions of authority to

    Example:

  • He has been appointed to the board.

E.nominate verb

  • propose or formally enter as a candidate for election or for an honor or award

    Example:

  • He nominated someone as a proxy to sign for him.

F. cabinet member noun

  • group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister

    Example:

  • Cabinet members are known to be directly responsible to the President.

G. federal judge noun

  • a judge who has been chosen by the President of the United States to work in a federal appeals court

    Example:

  • The number of cases were heard together by a federal judge.

H. majority party noun

  • political party which won the most votes

    Example:

  • They are now the majority party in Parliament.

I. House of representative noun

  • the lower house of the parliaments of some countries

    Example:

  • The bill failed to pass the House of Representatives.

J. Senate noun

  • the smaller upper assembly in the US Congress, most US states, France, and other countries

    Example:

  • The Senate is expected to pass the bill shortly.

United Kingdom Parliamentary Government

A. Prime minister noun

  • the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign or state

    Example:

  • The prime minister admitted the fact that the crisis had been mishandled.

B. coalition noun

  • an alliance for combined action, especially a temporary alliance of political parties forming a government or of states

    Example:

  • The three parties have united to form a coalition.

C. House of Commons noun

  • the elected chamber of Parliament

    Example:

  • The House of Commons is to debate once again whether to bring back the death penalty or not.

D. Head noun

  • the leader of a group

    Example:

  • The head must be a person with authority and reputation.

E. House of Lords noun

  • the higher chamber of Parliament, composed of peers and bishops

    Example:

  • The President elevated him to the House of Lords.

F. members of parliament noun

  • a person formally elected to the UK national legislative body or other similar legislature elsewhere

    Example:

  • Members of Parliament are required to disclose all their financial interests by the end of this year.

G. constituency noun

  • geographical voting area

    Example:

  • Our constituency covers the city's poorest areas.

LET'S PRACTICE!

Direction: Fill in the blanks below using the correct words.


  1. Parliament in the UK consists of two the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

  2. Sometimes more than one party may share power in a government.

  3. The Commons are elected for a maximum period of five years although the Prime Minister may call a general at any time within that period.

  4. The main figure in that Party is called the .

  5. The ruling party in the Commons is the one which gains a of seats.

  6. The power of the President and the legislature are .

  7. Congress consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the .

  8. The President can or nominate high officials in government.

LET'S RECAP! 📝

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Which three words/phrases were the most challenging to understand or remember?