STRATEGY 1:

Learning noun and verb suffixes; Using prefixes to help decide the best answer

SNEAK PEEK 1

SNEAK PEEK 1: Learning noun and verb suffixes

A. Instructions: Look at the list of words with the most common suffixes used with nouns and verbs. Decide whether each one is a noun or a verb.

1. realize	7. quickness
2. assistance	8. simplify
3. widen	9. department
4. security	10. partnership
5. celebration	11. criticize
6. activate	12. cooperation

▪️ Below is a list of some common suffixes for nouns and verbs.

NOUN SUFFIXES	VERB SUFFIXES
-tion/-sion	-en
-ness	-ify/-fy
-ship	-ise/-ize
-ate	-ate
-ity
-ment
-ance/-ence

B. Instructions: For each item below, decide if the missing word is a noun or a verb, then choose the correct word from the box to complete each sentence.

elevate	investigation	criticize	identify	repetitiveness
renovate	document	soften	internship	dependence

1. The stockholders have called for a to find out where the money went.

2. Newspapers are starting to the prime minister’s actions.

3. Doing a/an is a good way for students to get work experience.

4. Miller Manufacturing’s on one supplier caused serious problems when that company went bankrupt.

5. A consultant was hired to the company’s main weaknesses and suggest solutions.

6. Bill realized he had forgotten to bring a key to the meeting.

7. The company spent millions to its main office in order to impress its customers.

8. The sculptor intended to the statue by placing it on a pedestal so that people could see it more easily.

9. Many people dislike the of working on a factory assembly line.

10. Cyclists often use special pads to the seat for long-distance rides.

LET'S TRY IT 1:

Using prefixes to help decide the best answer

A. Instructions: The most common prefixes are listed below. Match each prefix to the meaning in the box.

	1. dis- :	discomfort (n), discontinue (v)	a. badly or wrongly
	un- :	unable (adj), unfasten (V)
	non- :	non-fiction (adj), non-political (adj)	b. not
	im-/in-/ir-/il- :	inconvenient (adj), illegal (adj)
	2. co- :	co-founder (n), cooperate (v)	c. between
	3. sub- :	submarine (n), subsection (n)	d. joint or together
	4. inter- :	interaction (n), international (adj)	e. again or back
	5. re- :	re-organization (n), review (v/n)	f. below, under
	6. over- :	overwork (v), overpriced (adj)	g. too much
	7. mis- :	mislead (v), misunderstanding (n)

B. Instructions: Now choose the best word to complete each sentence based on your understanding of the prefixes.

misheard	overpaid	intercom	disconnect	impatient
non-refundable	remove	sub-standard	unwrap	co-supervise

1. The company’s bid was rejected because the quality of their work was

2. Jake Thomson and Phil Greene the project, each looking after one team.

3. There is a/an in each room to allow all the staff to communicate easily, even between different floors.

4. A plumber was called to the blockage from the pipe.

5. After I returned from the shop, I realized I had for my new radio.

6. The woman thought she had the clerk when he told her the price of the room.

7. He didn’t pay his phone bill so they came to his line.

8. The glass was so fragile that it broke even before we had a chance to it.

9. I often get very if there is heavy traffic when lam in a hurry.

10. Since the gift had been bought on sale it was

LET'S PRACTICE 1

A. Instructions: Use the tips you have learned to answer the following questions.

1. The two presidents maintained a close despite their rival businesses.

    (A) friendly

    (B) friend

    (C) friendship

    (D) friends

2. Efforts were made to train track width across Europe in the late twentieth century.

    (A) standard

    (B) standards

    (C) standardization

    (D) standardize

3. The program seems easy to use, but the interface needs to be

    (A) simplified

    (B) simply

    (C) simplest

    (D) simplification

4. The machine could become dangerous if it is

    (A) circumscribed

    (B) restrung

    (C) dismantled

    (D) mishandled

5. He transferred from the parent company to one of its smaller

    (A) partnerships

    (B) subsidiaries

    (C) conglomerates

    (D) multinationals

6. To resolve their differences, they employed an to deal with the two sides.

    (A) investigation

    (B) intermediary

    (C) assistance

    (D) advice

STRATEGY 2:

Deciding whether a subject or object personal pronoun is needed; Using indefinite pronouns to help decide the best answer

SNEAK PEEK 2

SNEAK PEEK 2: Deciding what pronoun is needed

A. Instructions: Choose the best subject or object pronoun to complete each sentence below.

SUBJECT	OBJECT
I	me
you	you
we	us
they	them
he	him
she	her
it	it

1. Ms. Smithers will attend the function, but her sister will not be coming with

2. The president gave a presentation while took extensive notes.

3. I bought my wife a watch but she told me didn’t fit properly.

4. When Jack arrived at the meeting, the other members were already waiting for .

5. The letter from Mr. Bildy’s bank requested that verify some personal details.

6. The members were upset that dinner hadn’t been arranged for

B. Instructions: Choose the best possessive pronoun or possessive adjective to complete each sentence below.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES			POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
my	their	her	mine	theirs	hers
your	his	its	yours	his	its (not common)
our			ours

1. I would like to confirm that responsibility for the decision was alone.

2. Ms. Evans was given a gift to commemorate years of service.

3. Once you sign the contract, the property will be to do with as you like.

4. The men have agreed to sell half of the business.

5. I believe your shop is responsible for the damage to car.

6. Tom Baxter started the program last year, so all the credit should be .

LET'S TRY IT 2:

Using indefinite pronouns to help decide the best answer

Instructions: Choose the indefinite pronoun from the box that completes each sentence. Each choice can only be used once.

1. A of the things that local people make would be in high demand on the open market.	(A) Some
	(B) Another
2. told me that I had to submit the request three weeks in advance.	(C) Anybody
	(D) Nobody

3. I can’t think of else we could find a better location for the new branch.	(A) either
	(B) somebody
4. John isn’t riding his motorcycle because of its tires are flat.	(C) anywhere
	(D) both

5. Please send of your receipts to the payroll section for speedy repayment.	(A) all
	(B) every
6. The failed project has left us without working capital for the coming quarter.	(C) any
	(D) many

LET'S PRACTICE 2

A. Instructions: Use the tips you have learned to answer the following questions.

1. Please do not hesitate to contact us if there is else I can do to assist.

    (A) anything

    (B) anybody

    (C) anywhere

    (D) anyway

2. Ms. Bell has agreed to let us use the report prepared.

    (A) her

    (B) she

    (C) hers

    (D) herself

3. Our client is dissatisfied with the severance package offered to

    (A) he

    (B) himself

    (C) his

    (D) him

4. I’m afraid we do not have option but to complain to the union.

    (A) any

    (B) each

    (C) some

    (D) a lot

5. Jane and her new assistant attended the conference and were amazed at the huge turnout.

    (A) either

    (B) each

    (C) both

    (D) any

6. Unfortunately we cannot include in the list of presenters.

    (A) they

    (B) their

    (C) them

    (D) themselves

LET'S DO THE CHALLENGE!

Instructions: Your mentor will give you 5 minutes to finish answering all 15 questions. Apply the Double Pass method to help you maximize your time. Try to spend a maximum of 20 seconds for each question. If you can't find the answer, make your best guess and continue to the other items.

1. During the seminar, Ms. Williams taught how to calculate the annual return on an investment.

    (A) they

    (B) their

    (C) them

    (D) themselves

2. Customers have three weeks report a credit dispute.

    (A) to

    (B) until

    (C) before

    (D) so

3. Dr. Allan forecasts that world demand for ceramics will increase by 8 percent next year.

    (A) advance

    (B) advanced

    (C) advancing

    (D) advancement

4. As economic links between the two regions , the flexibility of the international banking sector will be tested.

    (A) strong

    (B) strength

    (C) strengthen

    (D) stronger

5. Please send the documents instead of photocopies.

    (A) original

    (B) originate

    (C) origin

    (D) originality

6. To comply with the new environmental regulations, the power plant design will need to be drastically .

    (A) alternated

    (B) avoided

    (C) altered

    (D) attached

7. The annual percentage rate for purchases may from month to month.

    (A) vary

    (B) variety

    (C) various

    (D) varied

8. Mr. Teska the weaknesses in the proposal.

    (A) entered into

    (B) joined with

    (C) signed up

    (D) pointed out

9. I support Mr. Lin’s goals of more efficient management, but I object to the methods proposed to achieve goals.

    (A) those

    (B) there

    (C) them

    (D) their

10. Mr. Loder was able to hand out most of the items that we brought to the trade show.

    (A) promotional

    (B) promoted

    (C) promote

    (D) promotes

11. If you are late for the meeting, please enter the boardroom .

    (A) quieter

    (B) quietly

    (C) quietest

    (D) quiet

12. Architect Jon Rushmore foyer with a large marble staircase.

    (A) enlightens

    (B) entrusts

    (C) envisions

    (D) enlists

Reference: The book “スコアが上がるTOEIC L & Rテスト本番模試600問 改訂版 新形式問題対応” by Izumi Irie. Publisher: Obunsha Co., Ltd.. All rights reserved.